tax on Musicians Income

Question: Talk about the Advice Peter of the sums that will be assessable in Australia for the years recognized in the realities. Answer: This contextual investigation features the arrangements of salary which is assessable in Australia. In the wake of understanding the contextual investigation in detail one would comprehend the arrangements of personal duty in Australia. This case is about a band which has four individuals in it. Out of the four two are from Australia and other two are British residents however have taken citizenships of Australia. However, in the given case we would concentrate just about the salaries which were earned by one of the individuals named as Peter. Subside was an Australian inhabitant which likewise had a house in Australia. He had rented out his home on lease since more often than not he is in Britain with his band. The band was generally fruitful in Britain and different nations so they had chosen to move out of Australia. Their idea was to initially be fruitful in Britain and afterward return to Australia. During their period of band they have earned a few salaries in quite a while whi ch should be available in Australia. Artists ought to be treated as should be expected citizens while deciding assessable pay. There are different arrangements on which every one of these earnings ought to be available. Underneath depiction of the considerable number of livelihoods are given which was earned by them in particular years: To pay for the costs and airfare Peter had sold his vehicle for $60,000 which was bought in 2010 for $95,000. This pay would be considered under Capital Gain and capital addition assessment would be charged on it and would be available in 2016. To exposed more costs had likewise sold his offers for $11,000 which he had gotten it in 2011 for $5,000. Indeed, even for this situation Capital increase charge should be charged on it. Their melodic band had won ARIA grant in Australia for best collection in the year 2015. Every part had earned $20,000. This salary should be available as other pay. Till the time their band left for Britain, they were performing live shows in Australia for which each musician had gotten $140,000 from July 2015 till twentieth January 2016. This is their essential pay and should be burdened too. The melodic band had done a show in Britain for which each musician had gotten $150,000. This salary additionally should be available. Their band was an achievement in Britain. They had discharged a collection in September 2016 which was fruitful. It was all around sold in Britain, portions of Europe and parts of America and Australia too. Because of good deals each musician had additionally gotten $30,000 as sovereignties. This pay should be burdened s sovereignty salary earned. Again in December 2016 band have won ARIA grant in Australia for which every part had earned $10,000. This additionally should be burdened. The band kept on getting sovereignties in the year 2017 for the most current collection. Sum got by every part was $15,000. In 2017 their collection was granted with best collection of the year grant by British Music Association. Each musician had gotten $16,000 from the affiliation. To know whether all the previously mentioned earnings are available or not, one needs to comprehend the arrangements of assessable livelihoods in Australia. Rule: according to Australian tax assessment law capital addition or misfortune on a benefit is the contrast between the price tag of the advantage and the cash which was gotten when it is arranged. The greater part of the individual resources are absolved from capital addition charge like home, vehicle, furniture and so on. An engine vehicle which can convey a heap of short of what one ton or less than nine travelers are excluded from capital increase tax.[1] At the point when offers are sold then it would likewise draw in capital increase charge. Offers are not excluded like vehicles. Capital increase charge should be charged on the benefit earned by selling shares.[2] The ATO office have made separate rules for artists and other live entertainers. Artists and other live entertainers doesn't have fixed pay, their salary might be extremely high or might be exceptionally low too. Earnings which should be burdened under Australian personal duty are: Any development or eminences got for distributing or any collection. Live execution Product Synchronize permitting Selling CDs at gigs or on the web Awards [3] All the costs which are identified with the matter of the band ought to be deductible under the Australian duty framework. Be that as it may, these costs ought to be straightforwardly identified with the salary which should be burdened. In the event that the pay isn't straightforwardly related, at that point costs would not be deducted[4]. Application: Now all the arrangements referenced above should be applied in the given case. The conversation for every one of the pay earned by Peter is given underneath in detail: Diminish needed to sell his vehicle with the goal that he can exposed his flight and different costs. He had sold his vehicle at loss of $35,000. Capital Gain Tax Australia plainly expresses that all close to home resource of an individual would not be considered as a capital resource and thus no capital addition expense ought to be charged on it. Since the vehicle was claimed by Peter, it is accepted that the vehicle is for under 9 people and short of what one ton. Henceforth based on this arrangement capital addition on the vehicle sold by Peter would not be considered under assessable pay for the year 2016. This point was fundamentally the same as the instance of Fosters Australia Limited v Commissioner Concerned. Salary assessable for the year 2016 would be NIL.[5] According to Australian Taxation Office in the event that an individual has put resources into any portions of organization, at that point it ought to likewise be treated as a capital resource. At the point when offers are sold by the concerned individual then capital increase charge should be charged on it. The given case is fundamentally the same as the instance of South Australia v Totani (2010). Comparable choice ought to be taken for this situation where Peter had sold his offers at a benefit for $6,000. This sum should be incorporated while figuring the assessable pay of Peter. Pay assessable for the year 2016 was $6,000.[6] Diminish was working in a band which used to make music. They had a fresh out of the plastic new collection in Australia in 2015 for which they have won ARIA Award. Every part had gotten $20,000 as grant. Since they were in a music band this should be considered as an association. Subsequently they ought to be burdened dependent on the benefits which are shared among them. Australian Taxation Office obviously expresses that all the wages earned through live execution ought to be incorporated under assessable pay. Tony Hollis was a live entertainer in Australia and after his collection turned into a triumph, al the pay earned by him through honors were available. Similarly grant of $20,000 earned by Peter ought to likewise be remembered for the assessable salary. Pay assessable for the year 2015 was $20,000.[7] Their band was going to leave Australia in January 2016. Till that time they were giving live exhibitions in Australia itself. They did live shows from July 2015 to twentieth January 2016. For their live shows every part was given $140,000. As referenced in the above point that any pay got for giving live execution ought to be available, measure of $140,000 ought to likewise be available. Tony Hollis was a live entertainer in Australia and after his collection turned into a triumph, al the salary earned by him through honors were available. Pay assessable for the year 2015 would be $140,000. [8] On twentieth January, the whole group had gone to Britain for better possibilities. They had gotten an incredible reaction for their live shows and exhibitions for every part was granted with $150,000. As talked about in the over two focuses, this is a pay earned through live execution, consequently it would be remembered for the assessable pay of Peter. Aside from the pay earned by them, all the costs borne by the band comparable to the referenced pay ought to likewise be deducted from their pay. Salary assessable for the 2016 would be $150,000. [9] In September 2016, they have discharged a collection in Britain which was exceptionally effective. Because of such a colossal achievement each musician had gotten $30,000 as sovereignty. According to Australian Taxation Office sovereignty salary earned by an artist ought to likewise be remembered for the assessable pay. Music eminence have a solid linkage to the people. In such cases artists have the copyright to make music and can likewise permit it for exhibitions free of corporates. Presently since Peter and his partners has the copyright of the collection, they are qualified for get eminence. This sovereignty must be considered in the assessable pay of Peter. This must be remembered for the year 2016. [10] Again in 2016 their band had won ARIA grant in Australia for the new band discharged. Every part had get $10,000. This sum would likewise be considered in the assessable pay for the year 2016.[11] In the year 2017 band was proceeding to get sovereignty for the band which was discharged in the year 2016. Each part got $15,000 as sovereignty. Consequently the given sum should be remembered for the assessable pay for the year 2017. Presently Britain had granted the band in 2017 for their new collection which was discharged in the year 2016. Every part had gotten $16,000 as an honor. According to the arrangements which were examined in the previously mentioned focuses, this sovereignty salary likewise should be remembered for assessable income.[12] End: The all out assessable salary for Peter for the separate years are given beneath: In the year 2015 Peter had earned the accompanying pay which should be remembered for the assessable pay: ARIA grant earned by Peter adding up to $20,000 Sum got for live execution - $140,000 Aggregate sum assessable in 2015 would be $160,000 In the year 2016 Peter had earned the accompanying salary which should be remembered for the assessable pay: Benefit earned by offer of offers - $6,000 Sum earned for live execution in Britain - $150,000 Eminence got for the new collection 30,000 ARIA grant got in Australia - $10,000 Aggregate sum assessable in 2016 would be $196,000 In the year 2017 Peter had earned the accompanying inc

Skydive Chicago Is One of the United States

an Advantage: * Skydive Chicago is one of the United States’ chief skydiving resorts, serving skydivers going in abilities from first time jumpers to globally serious freefly groups. * Jumpmasters video their student’s bounces. * Students utilize the input these recordings give to recognize botches. * (student)They frequently duplicate their recordings onto an individual tape for future reference. * Jumpmasters may likewise duplicate first rate understudy skydives to the facility’s tape library. Inconvenience: Only in Chicago-Each understudy in Skydive Chicago’s preparing program makes a progression of dynamic preparing bounces under the immediate oversight of a United State Parachute Association Jumper. * Limited - The preparation program intends each bounce for showing a couple of new aptitudes. * Protection of preferred position †All understudies are offered access to the drop zone’s preparing room and are urged to watch video cuts in antici pation of their next preparing hop. This progression spares jumpmasters, who are paid per bounce, significant time.Jumpmasters additionally utilize these recordings to assess their preparation method’s viability. †not a decent guideline to quantify.. data framework Skydive Chicago’s data framework, â€Å"a set of interrelated segments, with an unmistakably characterized limit, cooperating to accomplish a typical arrangement of objectives† (INF 620 24), gives a few advantages the skydiving understudy and the organization its. Skydive Chicago’s data framework help the skydiving understudy by permitting the audit of his or bounce autonomously, in an adaptable interference and crowd free environment.Skydive Chicago’s data framework upgrades the organization itself by empowering the jumpmasters to have additional time in their paid limit, give instances of perfect hops, and permits understudies to independently sharpen their recently procured abili ties. Skydive Chicago’s data framework permits the regulating jumpmaster, a United State Parachute Association Jumper, to record every one of the dynamic preparing bounces of each preparation program understudy. The element permits the understudies to utilize the input of the gave recordings to distinguish botches and autonomously improve of errors.This segment of Skydive Chicago’s data framework permits the understudy to work at his own pace to determine a recognizing issue. This component lets the understudy progress at an agreeable pace and work on the following blemish after the person in question is OK with the past issue. Additionally, by giving the recorded hops Skydive Chicago’s data framework permits understudies to audit and work on their issues in an interference free condition. Understudies regularly duplicate their recordings onto an individual tape for future reference; in this manner understudies can likewise survey these tapes from Skydive Chicag o.Having their own duplicate the hop concedes the understudy the adaptability to audit the tapes as they wish including however not restricted to home, work, or even the library. With the capacity survey the tapes in an interruption free area at their own prudence would aid the understudy jumper expanding his ability snappier. By being able to survey the tapes of their bounces with a crowd of people would help the understudy jumpers in curbing their frailties and chipping away at hop issue they are humiliated of in public.For model, if the jumper had an extraordinary instance of tension, the person can deal with unwinding and controlling their relaxing for the following hop. Skydive Chicago’s data framework the organization itself by empowering the jumpmasters to possess more energy for bounces. The jumpmasters are just paid for the hops the understudies perform. By giving less guidance to an understudy, the jumpmaster has more opportunity to take an interest in bounces; alon g these lines the jumpmaster is working with the expectation of complimentary when the person gives guidelines and direction to the understudy jumper they are working for free.Given that giving guidelines and talks regularly expend additional time at that point playing out a movement the earnings’ pace of the jumper aces are decline when they are not hopping. Having the Jumpmasters give tapes first rate understudy skydives to the facility’s tape library gives instances of perfect bounces to understudy and help as apparatus to give a special visualization to an understudy that doesn't comprehend the finding of an issue by a jumpmaster.Also by giving all understudies access to the drop zone’s preparing room and are urged to watch video cuts in anticipation of their next preparing hop. This capacity additionally the jumper ace to assign the incomplete responsibility for guaranteeing the understudy is set up for their next hop to the genuine understudy without leavi ng the understudy without whenever of course. both , give instances of perfect hops, and permits understudies to independently sharpen their recently obtained abilities. understudy in the play out a progression of under the immediate oversight of Skydive Chicago’sSkydive Chicago’s data framework the organization itself by empowering the jumpmasters to possess more energy for hops, give instances of perfect hops, and permits understudies to independently sharpen their recently obtained abilities. * Jumpmasters may likewise duplicate top notch understudy skydives to the facility’s tape library. permitting autonomous inspecting, interference free condition, crowd free turn of events. interesting difficulties to playing out a deed is the likely absence of a quick crowd, as it is frequently noticed that correspondence can't happen without a group of people. ery imperative to be sure about your instructor’s desires Location: Determine an area that will take int o account a perfect be both welcoming and liberated from interruptions support †Place the camera, in a perfect world Remember that you generally need yourself to be completely inside the casing of the shot, close enough that your outward appearances and any visuals you may utilize can be effectively distinguished and fathomed however not all that nearby that you overwhelm the casing (I. e. you are the main thing in it). Likewise, it is ideal in the event that you can have somebody film you with the goal that they can ensure that these conditions exist du Leave time at starting and end.INF 620. McGraw-Hill Create. <vbk:9781121130036#page(24)>. a. In what capacity can this data framework advantage the skydiving understudy? b. By what method can this data framework advantage Skydive Chicago? c. Draw an Information Systems Model (Figure 1. 19). Fill in your chart with the data about individuals, equipment, programming, and different assets from this activity. Be certain that you set up your Information Systems Model in a product application or device that can be coordinated completely into your MS Word report and conveyed to the instructor.Clearly drawn delineations that are examined and submitted in . pdf are adequate alongside a MS Word archive clarifying and supporting parts an and b. Make certain to name your documents obviously. Report all sources. a. By what method can this data framework advantage the skydiving understudy? b. By what means can this data framework advantage Skydive Chicago? c. Draw an Information Systems Model (Figure 1. 19). Fill in your graph with the data about individuals, equipment, programming, and different assets from this activity.

Okonkwo Things Fall Apart free essay sample

The manner by which they raise us portrays who we will be. When Okonkwo was growing up, his dad affected his dread of being thought of as feeble. He needed to demonstrate to his locale that he wasn’t like his dad. In the ground-breaking story of, Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe he recounts to an account of an Ibo rancher (Okonkwo) who lives in Nigeria. Rather than controlling his dread, he permits it to assume control over him and power his activities on individuals. Despite the fact that he is known for his boldness, he encounters this inside stress over himself and the dread of disappointment and shortcoming. In Umofia, the dad is known to accommodate the family, since his dad was unequipped for managing anything he grew up with a shortcoming that he couldn’t oust. Okonkwo didn't have the beginning in life which numerous other men had so he battled. We will compose a custom article test on Okonkwo Things Fall Apart or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page â€Å"Unoka (Okonkwos father) was a doomed man. He had a terrible chi or individual god, and malevolence fortune followed his to the grave, or rather his demise, for he had no grave†(18). Okonkwo didn’t acquire an animal dwellingplace, title or spouse. As a youngster he grew up with a dad who gave him what a man shouldn’t be. He grows up being extremely embarrassed about his dad and goes through his whole time on earth doing whatever it takes not to be life him. Unoka went through his time on earth barrowing from individuals and never reimbursing them. â€Å"In his day he was lethargic and improvident and was very unequipped for pondering tomarrow†¦ Unoka the adult was a failure†(45). He enormously affected Okonkwo. Unoka’s shortcomings gave him the drive to turn into an all around regarded man of the town. When Okonkwo was as yet youthful he won a few wrestling matches and got known as the best grappler in all the towns. He turned into an affluent rancher with two horse shelters brimming with sweet potatoes and simply wedded his third spouse. As a result of his father’s life, he had to make his life fruitful without anyone else. Okonkwo thinks about his town and what the individuals of Umofia consider him. Since he is high positioned in his town and is known for his quality, he accepts that brutality is the best way to get regard. â€Å"’He (okonkwo) was not scared of war. He was a man of activity, a battleship. In contrast to his dad, he was unable to stand the look a blood. In Umofia’s most recent war he was the first to bring home a human head†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(2) Okonkwo was very notable and significant in his town. He had no dread of brutality. Boldness in war is an exceptionally regarded quality in Umofia. When Ikemefuna was brought into Okonkwo’s family, Okonkwo was exceptionally enamored with him, yet that wouldn’t prevent him from beating him. â€Å"’When Okonkwo heard that he (Ikemefuna) would not eat any food he came into the cabin with a major stick in his grasp and remained over him as he gulped the sweet potatoes, trembling. A couple of seconds after the fact he went being the cottage and started to upchuck horrendously. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(45) Okonkwo is the leader of his family unit dependent on dread. In addition to the fact that he scares Ikemufuna into eating, yet his spouses are terrified of being beaten. He in every case needs to ensure that his family realizes who is in control since he wouldn't like to be contrasted with his dad. Okonkwo stresses over turning out to resemble his dad apathetic, ladylike and incapable to help his family. This concern results to a fascism torwards his family. He demonstrates no feeling since he believes it to be delicate and not manly. â€Å"’Okonkwo was particularly attached to Ezinma. She looked especially like her mom who was the town excellence, however his affection just appeared on events. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ezinma is Okonkwo’s most established little girl and most loved youngster. He wishes that she was a kid and accepts that shows the amount he adores her. He is additionally attached to Ikemefuna in light of the fact that he helped Nwoye form into a child Okonkwo consistently needed. More than anything Okonkwo attempts to keep the laws of the town. Ogbueifi Ezeudu reveals to him that the Oracle has declared that Ikemefuna must be slaughtered. â€Å"’ He heard Ikemefuna cry, â€Å"My father they have slaughtered me! † as he ran towards him. Shocked with dread, Okonkwo drew his blade and chop him down. He feared being thought of as frail. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢( 105 ) Whenever Okonkwo was confronted with a decision between keeping up his quality, and demonstrating feeling, he picks his respect and notoriety over his family. Dissimilar to his dad who defied each guideline there was. In general dread from Okonkwo’s adolescence has lead him to carry on in negative manners that bring him outrage to the divine beings; being banished from Umofia, blame; murdering Ikemefuna and the dread of the dissatisfaction. From when Okonkwo was youthful to now he guaranteed himself he could never let his family starve like his dad let him. His dad bigly affected how he grew up, in light of the fact that he needed to figure out how to help a family.

AStronomy Discoveries Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cosmology Discoveries - Research Paper Example Researchers like Carl Sagan and Stephen Hawking have conjectured that it would be doubtful for lifeâ notâ to exist some place other than the earth depending on the immense size and predictable physical laws of the perceptible Universe (Steiger and White, 3-4). The presence of life on the earth depends for the most part on the biochemical responses and obligations of 6 components, to be specific, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulfur. The separation of earth from its star and its air conditions, and in particular, the nearness of water make the ‘blue-planet’ inhabitable (Sol Company, Inc). Nearness of a fluid, however not water, is basal for life to support any place on the universe, that’s what our researchers have made sense of. Complex substance responses that structure the establishment of life require some fluid to occur. Be that as it may, fluid state is one of the rarest on the universe, since, holding a fluid in space is doubtful in v acuum. In our feelings, these conditions are important for life to exist anyplace. Man couldn’t locate some other divine body with such conditions till date. In this way, the journey despite everything remains. Extraterrestrial life was there in man’s creative mind from long back, and this was referenced in numerous folklores and books of antiquated civic establishments. Be that as it may, it was distinctly in the ongoing past when man got some reasonable pieces of information in regards to this. The most persuading tip about outsider life was the fossil proof of bacterial life inside certain shooting stars gathered from Antarctica, Siberia, Alaska and so on. There were guarantees about having seen a UFO from various pieces of the world. Some paranormal radio signals additionally solidified man’s questions on extraterrestrial life. As indicated by Corfield, defaces has for quite some time been associated for the nearness with life, from seventeenth century onwar ds, when Christian Huygens found a bizarre component known as Syrtis Major on its surface (186-188). However, nobody could advance confirmable proof in such manner. Such pieces of information and theory have soared up man’s energy to proceed with the journey for extraterrestrial life. Space associations in different nations are doing broad research on astrobiology. Test groups are sent to numerous planets and their satellites for examination and gathering materials. Sums spent by governments regarding this matter are immense and regularly censured generally for the incorrectness of the results. As I would like to think, allocating tremendous sums in such manner is anything but an astute activity, since chances for presence of an outsider human advancement which our race can set up correspondence with are unconvincingly uncommon. In any case, stopping these since a long time ago determined ventures is likewise not a shrewd thing, in light of the fact that, a wondrous revelatio n of an animal types on some other planet may realize a gigantic lift to our inventive looks into. May be, some small scale creatures ideally found outside the earth will be of utility in making anti-toxins for some infections which we have not yet had the option to kill. They may produce some half and half mixes which can give us synthetic concoctions which might be usable in agribusiness or industry. Such revelations may prompt a few answers for our issues with respect to a worldwide temperature alteration and environmental change. In any case, it will be beneficial for us to consider a circumstance when a more astute and created progress than our own coming into contact with our planet; its

Essay --

Vitality is the thing that causes the world to go around. The entirety of our advances are structured and created dependent on promptly accessible assets, generally normal of which are petroleum derivatives. What happens when we run out? The advances we so intensely depend on for producing food, asylum, and transportation will stop to work. All through this article, I will clarify the significance of creating and actualizing elective vitality sources, explicitly those that are inexhaustible, into regular advances, and the subsequent positive and negative results that could follow . As per Professor Chris Rhodes and the most recent B.P (British Petroleum) measurable survey, the â€Å"majority of vitality utilized by people on Earth is unrefined petroleum, representing 33% of our aggregate, firmly followed by coal at 30%. Gaseous petrol follows at a nearby third spot at 24%; atomic and hydroelectric at 5-6% each; and the little division of our general vitality that originates from â€Å"renewables†, is simply 1.6%.† Based on his exploration, it very well may be presumed that we are dependent on non-renewable energy sources for 87% of our all out vitality. An alarming rate! Since we are as of now dependent on petroleum products for 87% of our vitality flexibly, it is significant that more cash is put into innovative work of new inexhaustible assets. Petroleum products are nonrenewable. They WILL run out! Inability to execute inexhaustible and manageable wellsprings of vitality could prompt a national emergency. To give a thought of how quick we are utilizing our oil, we have just passed top oil creation. A â€Å"detailed evaluation of in excess of 800 oil fields on the planet, covering seventy five percent of worldwide stores, has discovered that the majority of the greatest fields have just topped and that the pace of decrease in oil professional... ...ources is that they are â€Å"too expensive†. Their EROEI (vitality returned on vitality contributed) is poor, bringing about loss of benefits. Wind turbines, sunlight based boards, and most different types of substitute vitality are over the top expensive and wasteful. In spite of the fact that this is valid now and again, there is an explanation and answer for the issue. More subsidizes must be committed to inquiring about and improving these advancements. Nothing occurs for nothing, and research is no special case. Without adequate assets, these wellsprings of clean vitality will neither become progressively proficient or financially savvy. Since each significant part of society runs on petroleum derivatives, and non-renewable energy sources will in the long run out, it is critical that we further create and execute sustainable power source into ordinary procedures. As our populace increments, so will our vitality requests. We should make changes before it is past the point of no return.

Why Graph Databases Are so Effective in Big Data Analytics

Why Graph Databases Are so Effective in Big Data Analytics We live in an era of data. Information is everywhere and it can be accessed in different ways. Information is also collected in vast quantities. You can’t do much in the modern world without it being noted down and stored in a database.Big data analytics and graph databases are buzzwords you’ve most likely encountered. It’s likely you’ve been told to start using graph databases in your big data analytics to boost your organizational efficiency. Wikimedia Commons I Hoshi Ludwig (CC BY-SA 4.0)But why? Let’s look at the concepts and the reasons graph databases are so effective in big data.WHAT’S BIG DATA?Unless you have been living under a rock, you should have heard the term Big Data thrown around. In fact, you’ve probably heard it mentioned in so many different contexts, described in a number of different ways that it might be hard to know and understand what the term actually means and what is its significance.So, I’ll try to explain the term concisely and let you in on the definite reasons it matters.The definition of big dataIf you search for the definition of big data on Google, you’ll receive well over 10 million results. The dictionary definition states big data as:“extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions.”Many fancy words, right? The definition might not quite open up the idea and p urpose behind the concept. You could state the above in a bit more simplistic way and describe big data as a large collection of data, gathered from traditional and digital sources. The data can be collected either within a specific organization and its different channels or outside of the organization. Furthermore, big data is not just collected, but used to discover new things and to analyze existing patterns and processes.The key point to understand with big data is that the datasets collected are huge â€" you aren’t talking about a few phone numbers here, but vast amounts of different types of data. In addition, the data tend to be mostly in the digital format, although you shouldn’t exclude traditional datasets. Financial records, for example, also constitute as part of big data. Furthermore, big data always mixes multi-structured and unstructured data. What does that mean? Big data can use:Unstructured data, which is information that cannot be easily organized or interpret ed by traditional databases and models.Multi-structured data, which is different types and formats of data, derived from the interactions between people and machines. So, what does the above look in reality? An example of big data would be how Wal-Mart collected data of its customers and the weather. By combining these different datasets and points of information, the company noticed that as the storms are heading towards the location, customers buy more flashlights (understandable!) and Pop-Tarts (interesting and somewhat surprising).For a quick recap of the above and an insight into the world of big data, you should watch the short clip below: Why does big data matter?But what does the above mean for an organization? Why does it matter whether you collect and use big data? Well, the Wal-Mart example shows the two main reasons for utilizing big data:It reveals hidden information â€" You don’t need to know the weather patterns and customer consumption of certain goods go hand in h and or have a link. Big data helps reveal this information and therefore, you don’t need to know what you are looking for in order to find a connection. Wal-Mart didn’t know it’s looking to find a specific food item increase its sales prior to a storm, but it was able to find this interesting connection because of big data analytics.It extracts value â€" The information you gain helps you better understand the connections between actions and behaviors. This in turn, will help you increase value extraction, either by helping you make or save more money, or improve efficiency. In the example of Wal-Mart, the company could use the information in order to promote Pop-Tarts when storms are heading in or make flashlights more easily accessible.WHAT ARE GRAPH DATABASES?But what about the other concept we are connecting with big data analytics? In order to understand the benefits of using graph databases in connection with big data, you need to understand the meaning and importance of them.The definition of a graph databaseThe definitions of a graph database also come in different complexities. The computing definition of the concept says a graph database is:“a database that uses graph structures for semantic queries with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data”.If you are not a computer expert or used to technology jargon, the above probably went way over your head. Don’t worry, there’s a more down-to-earth way of looking at the concept. A graph is an illustration of information and a database is naturally a set of information grouped together. Graph databases have two defining elements:A node, which represents an entity. This can be a person, a place, a thing and so on.A relationship, which is the connection between two separate nodes.Essentially then, graph databases are datasets that focus on the connections between different pieces of information and represent these connections in a simple, graphical manner.You can think of it throu gh an example, such as Twitter, which is in itself a huge graph database. The users would be the nodes and the connections or relationships the different nodes have can be variable and which are represented with ‘follows’. The connection between two users (nodes) could be that of node 1 following node 2, with node 2 not following node 1. Both node 1 and 2 could also be following each other and so on. All of the different users (nodes) and the relationships they have with other nodes can be represented in a massive graph database. From Visually.Source: Visual.ly website, published by Neo TechnologyWhy do graph databases matter?But why does a graph database make analyzing and understanding information easier? What is the purpose of representing Twitter users and their relationships with a graph database? An organization can benefit from using graph databases in three different ways, with the database helping to:Boost performance â€" Each organization will have data and the dataset s will always continue to grow. The growth of these datasets will also lead to growth in the connections the datasets have. Graph databases are specifically designed to understand the relationships between different pieces of data, meaning the growth of the relationships won’t hinder performance.Provide flexibilityâ€"Using graph databases is also flexible, as the database can change at the same speed as your organization changes. The structure of the model fits all sorts of needs and requirements.Improve agility â€" The graph database also supports agility, which is crucial in a test-driven development environment. As your business requirements change, the database can change with it.The interconnected world of today means different pieces of information are connected with each other in a number of unique ways. The use of graph databases means you don’t just understand the importance of the information and data, but the relationships between them.The acquired understanding of re lationships can boost your organization in terms of efficiency and value creation â€" just as we saw with big data. Information quintessentially leads to better service and enhanced value â€" both for you and the customer.WHY GRAPH DATABASES WORK IN BIG DATA ANALYTICS?So, what do you get when you implement graph databases in big data analytics? An effective and powerful tool to create connections and utilize your data. But why is that?As mentioned in the first section, big data has generally relied on the Structured Query Language (SQL) to communicate with a database. It’s the language of the relational database management, which are databases build around tables and collections of rows of attributes.The communication between the different tables and rows can be slow and difficult when huge and irregular datasets are brought into question. Essentially, as data keeps growing and evolving, the traditional SQL model can become insufficient in understanding the relationships between t hese different datasets.How are these issues being solved? Well, graph databases are one part of the solution. They belong to a so-called Not Only SQL movement or NoSQL. Instead of structuring data in the traditional table and row model, NoSQL allows the database design to be built around the requirements at hand. This can mean the data is structured and defined by:Key-value storesDocumentsGraph databasesThe graph database model focuses on the relationships of the different nodes, or data-points. So, instead of looking at the value of the data-point (which is what SQL database would do), the graph database is organizing and analyzing the messy data-points according to the relationships. Graph database adds another layer of structuring and analyzing your data â€" increasing the effectiveness of your big data analytics. You simply open more doors for your organization.But what is the importance of the node-relationship in big data? Why is it so effective in adding to the way you analy ze data. Quite simply, the answer is that it can clarify the interconnected data more clearly. Instead of just understanding what is the value of specific data, you understand the value of the relationship between data. If you think of the example of Wal-Mart’s findings, graph database would help notice the relationship between the storm, the shopping decisions, and customers who bought flashlights and Pop-Tarts.An organization doesn’t just rely on data when it comes to decision-making. If you want to increase sales in your bookshop, you don’t just need data on the books that are being sold in order to boost sales. You need to understand how the customers connect to books â€" for example, what books tend to be bought by the same person and what do the buyers of a specific book have in common. If you figure out these relationships, you can drive up sales much easier. Perhaps you find a connection where people who read J.K. Rowling also tend to buy books by Terry Pratchett and y ou can use the information in marketing or positioning of the books. You therefore enhance the way you interpret and use data. You don’t just focus on the specific value, but the value of the relationship. For any organization, the relationships between data-points are important and will continue to grow in importance.Another example of the above could be to understand why the transport of books from the warehouse takes a long time. With the help of a graph database, you can find the relationship between the warehouse, retailer, delivery company and the customer and find what connections take the longest or whether you could get the product faster by using different relationships, i.e. processes of delivery. You can solve the problems your business has in different ways because you are able to look at the data in a different way to the traditional model and find connections you might not realize with the SQL model. You end up creating more value for both the organization and the c ustomer. You solve an issue that might prevent a customer from shopping with you again and you create a more efficient service that could increase the value you are able to draw from the services you provide.Furthermore, the NoSQL database model can be much more efficient in terms of finding these data connections. A SQL database would begin its search by checking individual data-points and comparing them to another one-by-one. Consider you have Data-point A and you want to find who is connected to it. If you use traditional database systems, the A would be individually checked against B, C, D, E, and so on. On the other hand, with the graph database the connections between A and different data-points would be created much quicker. The relationships are captured on their own and the properties of the data-points are checked directly. This cuts the processing time and ensures you can access information quicker. All of this ensures further efficiency. Ryan Boyd, head of developer rela tions North America for Neo4J, gave an example of the different technique and processing model in a TechRepublic interview. Boyd said,“with a graph database, you find a logical starting point and you branch out from there and identify the relationships. For instance, you might write a query that asks, ‘Find all of the friends of the friends of John’. Instead of having to JOIN many different indexes, the graph database uses pointer arithmetic that is in-memory or in cache and performs the operation.”An example of the effective use of graph databases in big data analysis in the light of the above is eBay and how it provides fast and efficient service to its customers. The shopping platform utilizes graph databases to connect buyers with local sellers, creating localized door-to-door delivery connections. The company has observed how queries powered by a graph database take on 1/50th of a second to solve, while the traditional database queries took around 15 minutes. The exampl e highlights the power of creating efficiency in terms of saving time and resources of the organization and providing better value for customers.USING GRAPH DATABASESGraph databases provide plenty of opportunities for organizations. The benefits discussed above have already been noted by a number of industries, including:Financial services â€" example uses include monitoring and preventing internal and external fraud and its risks.Retail â€" can be used for understanding purchase decisions and to provide recommendations to customers based on how different products link with each other.Logistics â€" an example in the industry would be the use of graph database for planning routes.Networking and IT â€" identifying and understanding root cause analysis.As you start implementing the graph databases in your organization, you should be aware of a few things. First, there are two key properties the graph database technologies use:Graph storage â€" Some storage options are specifically desi gned for storing and managing graphs, while others use relational or object-oriented databases. The latter options tend to be slower.Graph processing engine â€" The native or graph-specific processing is the most efficient way of processing data within a graph. The non-native processing engines tend to use other processing means, such as ‘creating’, ‘reading’ or ‘deleting’.Finding the right technology to use will depend on your specific business needs and requirements. There are quite a few different graph database technologies available, with the most widely used graph database being Neo4J. The open-source system is a native graph database, both in terms of storage and processing. The database began in development in 2003, becoming publicly available system in 2007.The graph database is used by a number of organizations and companies around the world, representing a large number of industries. The system is used in scientific research, project management and matchmaking . Its users include established organizations such as Wal-Mart and Lufthansa, as well as start-ups like FiftyThree and CrunchBase.Neo4J in a nutshellWhat is it?An ACID transaction database, which doesn’t require a schema or data typing to operate.What are the features?Neo4J features include:Integration with other databases, as the system supports transaction management.Synchronization options, including periodic synchronization with itself or an RDBMS.Hot and cold backups and high-availability clustering mode.Declarative query language called Cypher.How is it available?The database is an open source project, licensed under the GNU public license v3.0.You can also get a supported, commercial version of the graph database. It is provided by Neo Technology under the GNU AGPL v3.0 and commercial licensing. http://neo4j.com/downloadWhat is it suited for?Neo4J can be used for a number of different purposes. It’s especially good graph database for social networking, the classification of specific data, and creating communities of interests or practices.You can also check out videos on YouTube on how to start using Neo4J and make the most out of it. For example, the below video is a great introduction to the database and its functions: Other examples of graph database technologies and systems include:Titan, which is a backend-agnostic graph database.Stardog, a scalable, Java semantic graph database.InfiniteGraph, a commercial, cloud-enable graph database.Apache Accumulo, a generic database that can also store graphs at scale.With the help of graph databases, your organization could start answering more questions and getting more value out of the data you have at hand. The model is perfect for finding the answer to those abstract questions your organization might have. How do you get Thing A to go to Thing B? What can you recommend to someone who used Service X?The use of these databases is not that difficult, as the example of Max de Marzi shows. He built a system of Facebook Graph Search over a single weekend (the system has now been shut down by Facebook) by using a graph database. With the system he was able to find things like ‘who contacted me’, ‘who likes a specific type of post’, and so on.THE BOTTOM LINEBig data is unavoidable for any modern organization. Neither should you try running away when the concept is mentioned, as big data analytics can help companies create better value for their customers and themselves. But relying on the traditional data management and analytics tools is not enough, as data-points continue to develop and grow in the interconnected world. To make the most out of the interconnected nature of things, you should consider using graph databases.These databases are based on the relationships and their value, rather than the value of data itself. The graph databases are effective because they provide an alternative way of looking at the connections of data-points and solving problems. They are effective and fast because of the way they are built to find these different relationships and to represent them in a graphical, and simple, model. So, in a world of interconnected data, understanding the value of data alone is not enough, you also need to look for the different ways things connect with each other.

The interpretation of The Spirit of Capitalism in Nickel and Dimed - Literature Essay Samples

People have many motivations for working. For some it is more than just a paycheck, but also a fulfillment of something within themselves. Others are truly passionate about the jobs they choose and what they do. Some have the goal to simply get rich and retire early. Then there are the workers such as the ones in Nickel and Dimed. These low-paid employees are motivated to work by the necessity to pay bills and eat. It is possible to utilize Max Weber’s interpretation of the â€Å"Spirit of Capitalism† as a lens to look into Barbara Ehrenreich’s Nickel and Dimed, and to understand the sense of irony and entrapment that Ehrenreich locates in American capitalism. In Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich includes the experiences of her co-workers – mostly women –in her investigative journey. She writes about how her co-workers were â€Å"oppressed† by being subjected to demeaning and taxing activities with unreasonably low wages. Gail, one of Ehrenreich’s co-workers, perfectly describes her manager’s attitude as â€Å"They don’t cut you no slack. You give and they take† (42). This point is further explored by Ehrenreich through the quote: Cooks want to prepare tasty meals, servers want to serve them graciously, but managers are there for only one reason—to make sure that money is made for some theoretical entity, the corporation, which exists far away in Chicago or New York, if a corporation can be said to have a physical existence at all. (42) The workers in Nickel and Dimed are doing the best they can at their jobs. The cooks and servers genuinely care about the comfort of their customers as well as the quality of their work. However, the managers still continue to treat them unfairly, because their primary goal is to make maximum profits for the company. Moreover, Ehrenreich also proposes that she has been changed, as a person, after entering this low-wage work community – â€Å"In real life I am moderately brave, but plenty of brave people shed their courage in concentration camps, and maybe something similar goes on in the infinitely more congenial milieu of the low-wage American workplace† (50). This is said after the manager of locked the storage room, and Ehrenreich chose not to intervene. This position in her work took something out of her, and for the time being, changed her entirely. This suggests that low-wage workers might be facing a similar situation, where in reality, they are someone completel y different from the ones they disguise as during their low-wage works. The low-wage works have stripped them from their true souls, until they can find something better for themselves and reveal who they are. In The Spirit of Capitalism, Weber quotes Benjamin Franklin to illustrate the basic beliefs of ethos: â€Å"time is money†, â€Å"credit is money†, â€Å"money is of a prolific, generating nature†, â€Å"the good paymaster is the lord of another man’s purse† (Weber, 14-15). These beliefs reflect the capitalist ethos of honesty, punctuality, self-discipline, hard work as an end in itself and devotion to one’s task. Putting it another way, Weber is describing the irrationality of capitalism where the sole purpose has become to make money even though the money may not fulfill other human needs. He suggests that people in a capitalistic society tend to view idleness as a squandering of moral duty. Weber believes that capitalism is presented as a natural order, or an â€Å"immense cosmos† (Weber, 19). We are born to this norm and believe that we must conform to it – it becomes what we believe is the main purpose in life. Weber defined the term â€Å"The Spirit of Capitalism† as a desire for an increase in profits with the application of minimum effort. Thus, people in capitalistic societies needed to view work as a burden, which was to be avoided by all means. In addition, Weber notes that the spirit of capitalism cannot be quantified or defined in specific terms. â€Å"Man is dominated by the making of money, by acquisition as the ultimate purpose of his life† (18). According to Weber, capitalism is what has ensued to take over economic life, educating and selecting the subjects in the economy who will make a journey through the economic process of survival for the fittest. This is also conceived by the society as a way of life. Weber’s and Ehrenreich’s illustration of the concepts of â€Å"The Spirit of Capitalism† is different in several ways. To begin with, it is important to note that Barbara Ehrenreich was born in a higher-middle-class family and may have grown to despise the unfortunate ones, until she actually placed herself in their position. Weber explains that the society believes that work is a burden that everyone ought to avoid at whatever cost and this is supported by Ehrenreich’s urge to survive and hence having to as hard as possible. It is impossible for her work less and be able to afford her own necessities; thus, work is inevitable. However, Ehrenreich is aggrieved that she, at times, received as little as $2.15 an hour for toiling in a store (Ehrenreich, 49). Weber’s argument of hard-work being rewarding may not be applicable in this particular case. In contrast, underpayment crushes the dream of hard working individuals as exemplified in Nickel and Dim ed. Moreover, Weber holds onto the belief that honesty and truthfulness and dedication to one’s job yields satisfaction. This, unfortunately, is not the case for Ehrenreich and her co-workers. They work extremely hard for such little payment and even so, they can hardly accomplish their individual responsibilities and meet their needs. At times, they view work as a punishment, and they wish they could at least get time off. The thought that they need money does not allow them to stop working. The ‘masters of their pockets’ are not convinced to pay nothing but the ‘agreed’ amount based on the amount of work dissipated. These workers, therefore, lack motivation to even pursue bigger dreams in life. Still, Weber’s notion of the spirit of capitalism manages to shed some light on Ehrenreich’s piece. The reason that capitalism is initially based on historical concepts such as bureaucracy lays a basis for the understanding of social classes that are explored first-hand in Nickel and Dimed. The rich are the owners of the resources while the middle class are their workers. The cycle is vicious as the middle class can rarely overtake the higher-ranked jobs from the higher class. This may help explain the phenomenon where people of the middle class are unable to dream big. Weber’s argument on the maximization of profits prompts a different perspective of Ehrenreich’s work. In order to maximize profits, the owner of the resources has to mitigate the risks involved. They may, therefore, decide to reduce the costs in order to gain huge profit margins. This would be important since the rich have to be there, in order for the poor to thrive; the latter depends on the earlier for survival. In a scenario where the owner of the resources is not present, the poor would not be able to find available jobs, no matter how little the wage. Thus, instead of blaming the employers for not paying them enough, Ehrenreich and the lower class workers should come to understand that the real reason behind such low wage is their lack of bargaining power. Nonetheless, there are limitations that come with analyzing these two sources next to each other. Firstly, the ideals exposed within The Spirit of Capitalism are extremely idealistic. The piece does not take into consideration the issues between classes. It also puts forth the assumption that all people have the same capabilities, and therefore can capitalize on their abilities. Nickel and Dimed offers a much more realistic life view. While the author’s own father lived the American dream and truly did pull himself up from nothing, the author does not look at the low income workers she is observing with distaste or condemnation. She instead gracefully walks in their shoes, and quickly realizes that had she not had some of the special opportunities available to her, she would be no better off than her current restaurant co-workers. She comes to understand the realities they face every day while figuring out how to keep a roof over their head while still paying other necessary b ills. The Spirit of Capitalism offers a much more unforgiving and harsh lens with which to view the employees through. Secondly, Weber’s interpretation of the term â€Å"the spirit of capitalism† is limited in terms of its application in Nickel and Dimed. The premise that capitalism is based on the maximization of profits through minimum effort is highly refuted by Ehrenreich. She stoops as low as working as a maid and experience first-hand what it is like to be employed and poorly compensated. The accumulation of wealth by the employer is unfair to the employees who are treated as underdogs. Ehrenreich seems to underline the importance of employees to their employers. At the end, she even suggests mobilizing the workers to form movements to agitate for better remuneration. Besides, Weber’s concept of choice lacks its full meaning if Ehrenreich’s story is withheld. Ehrenreich and her colleagues have to no option but to take a low-paid job, no matter how unfairly-paid they are and how exhaustive the job really is. Their choices are dictated by their domestic and personal ne eds, which is to survive and take care of their kin. The limited job opportunities available are what they scramble for. While Weber’s view of capitalism might be positively idealistic, in reality, the capitalist system is at odds with the protestant ethics and fall short of expectations. This can be attributed to the fact that it is mainly directed towards profit maximization while the interests of the employees are not considered a priority. To the contrary, making huge profits and exploiting the ability of employees is the most important thing to and for the capitalists. This is evident as Weber stated in his article, â€Å"They make tallow out of cattle and money out of men†. (Weber, 16)