Global Environmental Environment - 1118 Words

â€Å"Leverage points for improving global food security and the environment† by West et. al. presents various actions that can help guide governments and multi level organizations in the quest to feed a growing population in a changing global climate. The paper focuses on four main strategies: improving yields and efficiency on existing croplands, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water quality degradation, and water use in agriculture, switching animal feed crop production to human-edible crops, and reducing food waste. The authors provide a wide array of relevant data, but fail to synthesize it in a way that is helpful to policymakers and stakeholders. There are so many interrelated factors that are conspicuously absent from this†¦show more content†¦Precision agriculture, access to finances and technology, quality seeds, and integrated crop/pest management knowledge are topics that ought to be focal points in the body of this paper. Soil science may be cons iderably less exciting than global production statistics, but these basics are at the core of the yield gap issue. Moreover, it is likely that governments and environmental stakeholders are aware of the agricultural/environmental statistics, but are unlikely to know how to support individual farmers in a way that promotes resilient and productive growth. Tangible methods are necessary for change, especially when providing guidance at the governmental level. On a positive note, the data that the authors provide about the potential calorie gains by closing the yield gap is highly valuable, and could provide incentives and targets for policymakers. While closing the yield gap will eventually be necessary to feed a growing population, it does nothing to increase food access for populations that are already food insecure. The diet gap, on the other hand, refers to human-edible crops that are already produced but are not directly consumed as food. This includes crops produced for biofuels , crops produced to feed livestock, and food that is wasted at all stages in the supply chain. A largeShow MoreRelatedIn TodayS Global Environment, Environmental Ethics Has1636 Words   |  7 PagesIn today s global environment, environmental ethics has become a necessary practice all around the world as environmental problems cross cultural boundaries. However, creating effective strategies for safeguarding and conserving the environment often bring about ethical issues. In these issues of how to reduce or get rid of pollution and hazardous waste, ethics is at the forefront, especially when there is an absence of laws to governor the issue or lack of adherence to the law. The benefit of employingRead MoreEnvironmental And Organizational Factors Of The Global Business Environment1039 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental and Organizational Factors The global business environment is constantly changing. In order for organizations to stay competitive and successful they need to be able to adapt to those changes accordingly. The biggest factors that affect organizations are social, economic, and technological. This paper will look at each of these factors and describe the current major issues surrounding them as well as provide strategies Ellard Williams, Incorporated can use to take advantage of theseRead MoreGlobal Business Environment Effect from Environmental Impacts1772 Words   |  8 PagesGlobal business environment can be impacted by many factors that cross country borders. Environmental factors can greatly affect global business in all corners of the world. Natural disasters, population growth, and pollution are problem areas that affect all countries. Because of the environmental impacts, all countries had to work together to find common solutions. In America, population growth and pollution find communities across the land reclaiming areas that have been left to waste.Read MoreInternational Political Market Values And Subsequent Free Trade Agreements869 Words   |  4 Pagesglobalization. As the global markets and economic competition intensifies, nations move towards trade liberalization. International trade agreements by extension of economic globalization are more often prioritized before environmental agreements. In fact it is evident that environmental policy is rarely prioritized over economic growth. The neo-liberal market ideals have encouraged the development of economic globalization and therefore sustain the approach to environmental policy that the global south needsRead MoreGlobal Warming : A Environmentally Friendly Community And Start A Global Movement1726 Words   |  7 Pages the state of our environment has only continued to deteriorate. Ever since industrialization, our carbon footprint has grown exponent ially, resulting in what we now know as global warming. If carbon emissions continue to rise and the pollution and destruction of the earth continues, life as we know it will eventually cease to exist. This is why we must stop idly watching and actively participating in the destruction of our environment; if there’s no life-sustaining environment there can be no lifeRead MoreGlobal Climate Change, Sustainable Development1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Global Environmental Movement is one of the many (NGO’s) addressing international issues, mostly in developing countries, gathering and analyze technical information. Environmental issues have become a significant problem over the years, which raised concerns at the global and international levels, which provoke movements for environmental protection at the international level. From the early 1960s forward, concern about the global scopes of environmental harm and the movement for internationalRead MoreOutcome of RIO earth summit 19921626 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1992 the historic UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED, popularly known as the Earth Summit) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil witnessed unprecedented political will and commitment among governments to make a paradigm shift to sustainable development. Acknowledging the twin crises of poverty and the environment. About the Conference†¦ United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 2 week conference Largest gathering of world leaders in history â€Å"historic moment forRead MoreIn The Last 100 Years, The Amount Of Greenhouse Gases In1405 Words   |  6 Pagesgases. In the last 20 years, concern has grown that global warming is inevitable and now considered most probably caused by man-made increases in greenhouse gas emissions. In this essay, I will analyze Dr. Chukwumerije Okereke’s claims of intersectional oppression and domination of the environment concerning distributional injustices caused by globalization and industrialization of the developed countries. Dr. Chukwumerije Okereke is a global climate policy specialist with an aim to promote a moreRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On The Environment952 Words   |  4 Pagesexpectancy becomes longer, the global environment is being negatively impacted by various human and natural activities that are detrimental to the environment. Unfortunately there are many global environmental issues that need the attention of world leaders today, and have become undisputed environmental issues in today’s society. However, the most important public health, environmental issue I would like to address in my discussion is global warming. Furthermore, global warming influences a great amountRead MoreEnvironmental Risk Perception Paper1324 Words   |  6 Pages Environmental Risk Perception Paper Justin Yates Environmental Psychology June 17, 2014 Gerry Lloyd Environmental Risk Perception Paper As the earth continues to age, there are many harmful and lasting direct consequences that the earth and the human nature have endured. The earth as well as humans has to digest all the pollution, deforestation, changes in the environment, and the epic fails of humans trying to better the human life through technology and many

Mughal Inspiration Art Forms Increasing Culture Free Essays

After the Mughals arrived in India, a great cultural growth occurred in many different forms of art, such as music, visual art, architecture, and literature. India was already a country with many different cultural aspects, but the Mughals, of Turkish-Mongolian descent, expanded the realm of art even further. This Mughal art and architecture was considered an Indo-Islamic-Persian style, which combined different aspects of Islamic and Persian art with indigenous Indian art. We will write a custom essay sample on Mughal Inspiration: Art Forms Increasing Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now This style thrived during the Mughal Empire from approximately 1526-1857 A. D. The monarchs of the Mughal dynasty encouraged art in areas such as literature and painting and created many great buildings and gardens that are still a great display of beauty today. The presence of the Mughals in India added to Indians’ cultural life through the beautiful and rich forms of art such as architecture, painting, literature, and music that they introduced to the subcontinent. First, the Mughals made many great contributions in architecture. The mausoleums, mosques, palaces, and cities that the Mughals created were very rich and intricate. In the words of A. L Basham, â€Å"The Mughal period was one of great splendour, and has left its mark on India in the form of many lovely buildings, wherein Islamic and Hindu motifs often blended in perfect unity. † The most noticeable contribution that the Mughals made in art was architecture, because they left so many great mausoleums, mosques, and palaces. Perhaps the most famous piece of architecture even in the worl d today is the Taj Mahal, which is a mausoleum that was built by the Mughal monarch Shah Jahan to entomb his third wife’s remains after she died in childbirth. Construction on this beautiful structure began in around 1632 and was completed in the year 1653. This structure was built mainly of marble, and it includes many tranquil gardens and canals. It is an Islamic structure, but it still was a â€Å"symbol of beauty and excellence for all Indians regardless of religious or sectarian affiliation. † Although this structure was built for an Islamic woman and was influenced by the Islamic style, people from all backgrounds and religions appreciated it for its beauty and symbol of eternal love. The first three Mughal emperors, Babur, Hamayun, and Akbar, each used the Iranian Timurid style of combining marble and red sandstone in the structures that they built. For example, Akbar, the third monarch of the Mughal Empire, built a new capital city called Fatehpur Sikri, which sat on a rocky plateau and overlooked a lake. A royal mosque with a palace was set to the west with the residential town area residing below. The city was gated with a grand entrance made of the red sandstone, and a lofty flight of steps were climbed to reach the city. There was also a marble tomb for Salim Chishti inside the city. Chishti was a Sufi mystic who told Akbar that he would eventually have three sons. The tomb was made of marble, and consisted of geometric shapes and inscribed verses from the Quran. The design of the inscribed verses was considered an abstract form of Islam. This shows the influence that Islam had on the tomb, and therefore on the rest of the citizens who saw this mausoleum in their city every day. Other Mughal monarchs made their mark on Indian architecture as well. Jahangir and his wife Nur Jahan built tombs for Akbar, his father, at Sikandra and for her father at Agra, respectively. These tombs both incorporated the marble theme that the Mughal emperors before them had started. Overall, the Mughals devoted most of their greatest efforts to burial places for their loved ones. They also developed many fortress-like palaces with intricate details. For example, many of the rooms and corridors in these palaces were shielded from the outside by jalis, or latticework windows. They contained â€Å"mirror rooms†, wall alcoves, small waterways to provide air conditioning, and many statues and sculptures. Many intricate details were used in not only the palaces but also all of the structures that the Mughal monarchs built. The architecture of the Mughals added a very noticeable elegance and beauty to the Indian subcontinent. Another example of a form of art that enriched Indian culture with the arrival of the Mughals was painting. Mughal paintings were and still are very treasured Indian art. Generally, the paintings that the artists created from that time had a realistic yet imaginative style to them. Annemarie Schimmel stated in her book on the Mughal Empire that Mughal style â€Å"developed from the interaction between the refined Persian style and the strong, lively version of the Hindu artists. † There was a naturalistic style in these paintings, which was not seen in Iranian tradition or in early indigenous paintings of India. Some believe that it may have been both Akbar’s interest in realism and the European prints that arrived at court that influenced the artists to create this style and use naturalistic colors. The second monarch of the Mughal dynasty was Humayun, who was very intrigued by paintings. If an exotic bird flew into his tent, he caught it and ordered his artists to paint it. This shows his love and passion for painting, even if it was just of a small bird. Akbar, the third emperor, seemed to be the most enthused of all the Mughal emperors about paintings. He encouraged artists to paint and to show him their work; if he enjoyed it, he would give them rewards. Sometimes, he would even honor the especially talented artists with titles or positions close to the throne. In some of the paintings of Akbar’s time, Islamic attitudes towards the representations of living things were considered. Akbar had stated that the reason that the paintings of living things were somewhat imaginative was because the artists could not make anything individualistic, because every arm looks the same and every body looks the same. Therefore, they put their own spin on whatever they were painting, making it unique and abstract. Akbar also believed that painting deepened faith in God, while many others believed it to be blasphemous. The Mughals also showed interest in allegorical themes. They had paintings of Christ, the Last Supper, St. John, and other religious allegories that were not affiliated with their own religion. The reason for their possession of this artwork, though, was nothing more than curiosity. The fact that the Mughal emperors were willing to have paintings of Christian descent shows that they appreciated any and all forms of paintings that they came across, and it added to the diversity of the artwork that they had and broadened their cultural life. The Mughals greatly enjoyed paintings and made this form of art a part of their daily lives by having their own artists with them at all times and by rewarding those who showed them their creations. The Mughals’ arrival also influenced of other forms of art such as literature, music, and even textiles. The first emperor, Babur, and all of his descendents shared a love of fine books. They also thought that calligraphy was very important too; it was not just the contents of books that mattered; they appreciated the calligraphy as well. Akbar was supposedly illiterate, but he worked around this by having people read to him and having scribes take his dictation. His library contained over 24,000 books, of a variety of subjects. Much of his library had books of important Sufi writings, which showed his devotion to his Islamic religion. Also, because Akbar was tolerant of various religions outside of Islam, his library contained translations of Hindu texts. The great variety in these books show the appreciation they had for all kinds of books, no matter what they were about. Each of the emperors were also interested in textiles, but especially Akbar. He appreciated fine-quality velvets, silks and cottons. In each of the Mughal monarchs’ palaces, tombs, and tents, there were fine carpets that were used to cover the floors. They appreciated anything fine and beautiful that they could use to decorate their homes. Lastly, the Mughals brought a unique twist on the music of that time period in India. During the Mughals time period, Indian Classical music arose as two different traditions. There was the north Indian Hindustani and the south Indian Carnatic, which arose mainly because of the Islamic influence. The Hindustani tradition was a mixture of traditional Indian music and aspects of Persian performances. Many new musical forms and instruments formed under the Mughal rule. While some of these musical forms began to form a few centuries before the Mughals arrived, they reached their pinnacle under the rule of the Mughals. The Indian Carnatic music, on the other hand, focused more on the vocal portions of the music and less on the instruments. Most of the Carnatic compositions were written to be sung and performed in a singing style with less focus on the instruments. Each of these forms of Indian classical music, Hindustani and Carnatic, were from Hindu origins. This music helped to evolve Hinduism and allowed its people to practice their religion in a different way. In a more negative light, though, Aurangzeb, perhaps one of the least flexible rulers of the Mughal empire, allowed only strict interpretations of Islam, therefore barring music. This caused music to be driven underground and caused the performers of music to become social outcasts. Overall, though, the Mughal Empire had more lenient rulers that allowed music to flow through India and influence people in a positive light. The Indians were able to expand their musical preferences and appreciate newer forms of music. Directly following the arrival of the Mughals, a great increase in Indian culture occurred through various forms of art such as architecture, painting, literature, and music. Although the Mughals were descended from warriors, they had a great eye for beauty and displayed their love for art through the pieces of work that they contributed to their empire. The great cultural varieties that the Indian people were exposed to by the Mughals allowed their already rich and diverse culture to have even more variety. With art to join them, both Hindus and Muslims were able to live together in harmony during most of this time period. This is also due to the rulers who allowed it, of course, but with these new ways to express art it allowed the Indian people to be united regardless of their religious views and backgrounds. People were influenced to share their own artwork and their cultural diversity expanded even further. Because of the Mughals presence in India beginning from the sixteenth century, Indians’ cultural life was broadened through the beautiful and rich forms of art like architecture, painting, literature, and music that the Mughals brought to them. How to cite Mughal Inspiration: Art Forms Increasing Culture, Papers

Goblin Market A Poetic Tale of Laura, Lizzie and the Goblins free essay sample

In the narrative poem, Goblin Market by Christina Rossetti, we can see many themes such as abuse, virtue, temptation, sexuality, and sisterhood being portrayed in the text. The Goblin Market is about two sisters, Lizzie and Laura, and the goblins that they encounter while fetching water down by the river one evening. The two sisters are very close to one another, and when they encounter the goblins, Lizzie immediately tells Laura to not speak with the goblins. Laura, ignoring her sisters plea, decides to stay by the river and is drawn to the goblins cries to buy their forbidden fruit. Lizzie, knowing better, then runs home, trying not to give into the same temptation her sister has. The main themes that stand out in this descriptive poem are the forbidden fruit(in other words, temptation), sexuality and exploitation, and finally sisterhood. These are all themes that we can relate to in our everyday life, such as being tempted by things that are not necessarily good for us, being so concerned for a family member that you would do anything to save them if they were in danger or harms way, and also being so blinded by your desire that you cannot see clearly to decipher if something is bad/good for you. Rossetti displays all of these relatable terms, among others, in her writing and wraps them up in a fantasy themed poem with sexual undertones. To start off, one of the biggest and most obvious themes in the Goblin Market, is the theme of temptation, and being obvious to the dangers of what you seek because you are blinded by your desire for the object you seek. For example, in the poem after Lizzie runs away from Laura and the goblins with her hands over her ears, Laura stays and lingers there and wonders at the goblins, caught in their trap, â€Å"She heard a voice like voice of doves, cooing all together, they sounded kind and full of loves in the pleasant weather. †(Rossetti lines 77-80) In this stanza we see Laura describing what the goblins sounds like to her, as they sound pleasant like the â€Å"voice of doves. Generally, when someone describes a goblin, they are not visually or vocally pleasing, and when Laura describes them, â€Å"One had a cat’s face, one whisk’d a tail, one tramp’d at a rat’s pace, one crawl’d like a snail, one like a wombat prowl’d obtuse and furry, one like a ratel tumbled hurry scurry. †(Rossetti lines 71-76) She is describing them physically very different than they way she is describing them vocally, and the doves in the lines symbolize the how sweet a nd tempting and seemingly â€Å"innocent† something can appear to be, but is in fact the complete opposite. In another stanza we see that after Laura has had her fill of fruit, she still desires to have more, she is still planning to give in to temptation again, â€Å"â€Å"Nay, hush,† said Laura: â€Å"Nay, hush, my sister: I ate and ate my fill, yet my mouth waters still; to-morrow night I will buy more;† and kiss’d her:†(Rossetti lines 165-170) This shows that while Laura may have given into temptation once, she is likely to do it again and again, as long as it appears to be tempting. This is something a lot of people can relate to, as it is human nature to always want more than we have. Secondly, another popular theme concerning Goblin Market is the themes of sexuality and exploitation. The poem in general has a lot of sexual undertones, although it was supposedly a children narrative poem, it has incestuous undertones and lustful words and imagery. To give a few examples, one excellent one is when Laura is attempting to buy the fruit that the goblins are selling, yet she does not have any money to give them, â€Å"But sweet-tooth Laura spoke in haste: â€Å"Good folk, I have no coin; to take were to purloin: I have no copper in my purse, I have no silver either, and all my gold is on the furze that shakes in windy weather, above the rusty heather. † â€Å"You have much gold upon your head,† they answer’d all together: â€Å"Buy from us with a golden curl. † She clipped a precious golden lock, She dropped a tear more rare than pearl, then suck’d their fruit globes fair or red:. (Rossetti lines 115-125) This is a fantastic example of symbolism in the poem, as Laura admits that she does not have any money to give the goblins, they offer her a deal that for a piece of her golden hair, she may have what she desires. During this process, she is essentially giving away a part of her body in order to have what she wants, and although it is just a piece of her hair, she is literally selling herself to her temptations, and using her body as a payment for the forbidden fruit. This in itself is extremely sexual, as Laura is exploiting her own body for her temptations. Another more obvious sexual excerpt from the poem is when Lizzie comes back from trying to get the fruit from the goblins in order to save Laura’s life as she is wasting away and aging prematurely, â€Å"She cried, â€Å"Laura,† up the garden, â€Å"Did you miss me? come and kiss me. never mind my bruises, hug me, kiss me, suck my juices, squeezed from goblin fruits for you, goblin pulp and goblin dew. eat me, drink me, love me; Laura, make much of me; for your sake I have braved the glen and had to do with goblin merchant men. (Rossetti lines 465-475) This quotation is extremely explicit when showing the sexual themes in Goblin Market, besides the most obvious reasons, but also it shows incestuous relations between Laura and Lizzie with sexual words like â€Å"eat, suck, drink, love†. This type of relationship between two women, especially two sisters is extremely taboo and would be unheard of in real life in the era that Rossetti was writing in, thus making i t seem unlikely that this story was intended for a younger audience. The sexual nature is relatable to almost all people, at some point in a human life, they will experience sexual desire and lust, and may even experience taboo feelings depending on the person, and through Goblin Market, they can connect with have feelings of a sexual nature for someone you care about. Finally, to move onto the last theme of this poem, sisterhood. Laura and Lizzie are shown to be extremely close and care a great deal for each other, they live together, care for one another, do chores around the house together, and they even sleep with one another in the same bed. These are cases in which a sisterly bond, or a family bond, can be formed. Lizzie would do anything to be able to save Laura, and warns and fears for her safety by telling her not to talk to the goblin men. When Laura becomes ill from eating the goblins fruit and is very near death, Lizzie is worried that she will lose her sister forever, so she takes it upon herself to go and see the goblin men. They attack her for attempting to buy the fruit with a penny instead of her body and she is subjected to abuse and degradation at the cost of her devotion and love to her sister. Even after all of this has been done and she comes back to her sister after the attack and still worried about her, â€Å"Life out of death. That night long Lizzie watch’d by her, counted her pulse’s flagging stir, felt for her breath, held water to her lips, and cool’d her face, with tears and fanning leaves. (Rossetti lines 525-530) Out of devotion and care for her sister, she sits by her side all night and brings water to her lips, and checks her pulse and breathe to make ure that she is alive, it is very obvious that Lizzie cares very much for her sister. This is probably one of the most relatable stanzas in the poem for me personally, because I believe everyone has someone that they care for so much that they would do anything for that person, and through this scene we see Lizzie’s devotion and love for her sister, and we are able to take that back into our own lives and relate. In conclusion, The Goblin Market has many scenes that we can take back into our own lives and relate to in great detail, and it certainly has its controversial yet interesting themes implanted into its text that anyone reading would be able to reminisce on their own life and relate on the themes of temptation, sexuality, and sisterhood/family. Worked Cited â€Å"Goblin Market† Christina Rossetti. April, 1862.